A Growing Threat to Kansas Grasslands and Our Water

Have you noticed more trees popping up in Kansas grasslands? You’re not imagining things— and it’s more than just a change in the landscape. This phenomenon, known as woody encroachment, is a growing threat to the health of the Great Plains, and it’s already having serious impacts on our land, water, and way of life.

In a recent presentation, Dr. Dirac Twidwell shared compelling research on how the spread of woody plants—especially Eastern Red Cedar—is transforming native grasslands across the region. While these trees may seem harmless, they pose a significant risk to wildlife habitats, ranching operations, and even the future of our water resources.

Grasslands play a vital role in maintaining healthy watersheds. When native grasses are overtaken by dense stands of woody plants, rainfall that would typically infiltrate the soil is intercepted by tree canopies or lost to evaporation. This reduces groundwater recharge and increases water loss, putting additional strain on already stressed water supplies. For the Ogallala Aquifer, which provides drinking water and irrigation to much of western Kansas, this loss is especially alarming.

But there is hope. Dr. Twidwell emphasized that proactive management—not reactive restoration—is the most effective way to address woody encroachment. Tools like prescribed burning, mechanical removal, and coordinated land management can help keep grasslands intact and functioning as they should. These practices not only protect biodiversity and reduce wildfire risks but also help conserve water and support agricultural productivity.

Kansas is emerging as a leader in this space, with landowners, conservation districts, and agencies working together to test and implement innovative strategies. Programs supported by the Farm Bill and other conservation initiatives are playing a critical role in helping communities stay ahead of the problem.

Dr. Twidwell’s call to "Defend the Core – Grow the Core" reminds us that preserving what we still have is far more effective than trying to reclaim what’s been lost. By acting now, we can protect our grasslands, water resources, and rural economies—ensuring a healthier, more resilient Kansas for future generations.